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Currently, oil and gas companies hold leases to drill on nearly 90 million acres of federal land. Of that, nearly 70 million acres – an area the size of Colorado – are not being touched, despite estimates that they contain 80 percent of oil and gas reserves on federal lands.
The “Use It or Lose It” bill (HR 6251), co-sponsored by Congressman Mike Thompson, gives oil companies an incentive to explore already available lands, rather than try to open new areas off the Outer Continental Shelf or in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) to exploration.
Although the bill garnered a majority of support, it needed a two-thirds majority to pass. It will be voted on again after the July 4th congressional recess.
“When we sit atop only 2 percent of the world’s oil supply, but consume a quarter of the world’s supply, it’s clear we can’t drill our way out of the fuel crisis,” said Thompson. “However, we can encourage drilling on the land we’ve already leased to oil companies, much of which they aren’t currently using. There is no reason to expand drilling to new areas – areas that could suffer devastating environmental consequences – when oil companies aren’t using the land they have.”
Oil from already leased land can come on line much faster than any newly leased land. It’s estimated that oil from new areas such as the Outer Continental Shelf or ANWR could take up to 10 years to reach the market.
“Utilizing existing leases is only one part of a much-needed comprehensive energy policy,” said Thompson. “We also need to consider other short-term solutions like releasing a small portion of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and cracking down on unregulated oil speculators who are artificially inflating the price of oil.”
“We also need to continue investing in long-term solutions, like renewable energy, fuel efficient vehicles, public transportation, incentives for homes and businesses that use solar, wind and biomass and research of other energy technologies,” Thompson said.
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“Countrywide exploited the American dream of homeownership and then sold its mortgages for huge profits on the secondary market,” Attorney General Brown said Wednesday. “The company sold ever-increasing numbers of complex and risky home loans, as quickly as possible. Countrywide was, in essence, a mass-production loan factory, producing ever-increasing streams of debt without regard for borrowers. Today’s lawsuit seeks relief for Californians who were ripped off by Countrywide’s deceptive scheme.”
Brown alleges that Countrywide Financial used deceptive tactics to push homeowners into complicated, risky, and expensive loans so that the company could sell as many loans as possible to third-party investors. According to the lawsuit, the company marketed complex and difficult to understand loans with very low initial or “teaser” interest rates or payments.
Countrywide employees, including loan officers, underwriters, and branch managers – who were under intense pressure to process a constantly increasing number of loans – misrepresented or obfuscated the fact that borrowers who obtained certain types of loans would experience dramatic increases in monthly payments.
In the past, lenders like Countrywide sold home loans to customers and held the loans in their own portfolio, an incentive to maintain strong underwriting standards. Countrywide, however, sold its loans to third-parties in the form of securities or whole loans, often earning more profit for riskier loans. The business model generated windfall profits for Countrywide.
The company pushed these loans by emphasizing a low “teaser” or initial rate, often as low as 1 percent for pay option ARMs. Countrywide obscured the negative effects – including rising rates, prepayment penalties and negative amortization – which would inevitably result from making minimum payments or trying to refinance. The company misrepresented or hid the fact that borrowers who obtained its home loans – including exploding adjustable rates and negatively amortizing loans – would experience dramatic increases in monthly payments.
In an effort to rope in as many customers as possible, Countrywide greatly relaxed and liberally granted exceptions to its mortgage lending standards. Traditionally, lenders required borrowers to document income and assets but Countrywide offered reduced or no documentation loan programs to increase its loan sales. Angelo Mozilo and David Sambol actively pushed for easing underwriting standards and granting exceptions to documentation requirements.
In Countrywide’s 2006 annual report, the company touted the massive growth of its loan production from $62 billion in 2000 to $463 billion in 2006 – three times the increase of the U.S. residential loan production market, which tripled from $1.0 trillion in 2000 to $2.9 trillion in 2006. 26 percent of Countywide loans were for California properties. The company sold an ever-increasing number of loans in an effort to gain a 30 percent market share of loan originations and then sell its loans on the secondary market, as mortgage-backed securities or pools of whole loans. Countrywide’s securities trading volume increased from $647 billion in 2000 to $3.8 trillion in 2006.
Countrywide routinely sold loans based upon a borrower’s stated income and without verifying the information. Loan officers memorized scripts that marketed low payments by focusing on the potential customer’s dissatisfaction, saying, for example, “Which would you rather have, a long-term fixed payment, or a short-term one that may allow you to realize several hundred dollars a month in savings?” The loan officer did not state that the payment on this new loan would exceed the payment on the current loan.
Countrywide paid greater compensation to brokers for loans with a higher interest rates, as well as prepayment penalties, because it could sell those loans for higher prices on the secondary market. Countrywide also paid rebates to brokers who originated loans with prepayment penalties, adjustable rates and high margins.
Countrywide operated an extensive telemarketing operation in which it touted its expertise and claimed to find the best financial options for customers. Customer Service representatives at Countrywide call centers were required to complete calls within three minutes, often processing sixty-five to eight-five calls per day. Employees who did not meet quotas were terminated. The company’s deceptive marketing practices, designed to sell costly loans while hiding or misrepresenting the terms and dangers, included:
• Encouraging borrowers to refinance or obtain financing with complicated mortgage instruments like hybrid adjustable rate mortgages or payment option adjustable mortgages
• Marketing complex loan products by emphasizing a very low “teaser” rate while misrepresenting the steep monthly payments, increased interest rates and risk of negative amortization
• Dramatically easing underwriting standards to qualify more people for loans
• Using low or no-documentation loans which allowed no verification of stated income
• Hiding total monthly payment obligations by selling homeowners a second mortgage in the form of a home equity line of credit
• Making borrowers sign a large stack of documents without provider time to read the paperwork
• Misrepresenting or hiding the fact that loans had prepayment penalties
As the secondary market’s appetite for loans increased, Countrywide further relaxed its standards to finance borrowers with ever-decreasing credit scores. Countrywide employees routinely overrode the company’s computerized underwriting system, known as CLUES, which issued loan analysis reports recommending or discouraging loans based on factors such as a consumer’s credit rating. As the pressure to produce loans increased, Countrywide set up an entire department in Plano, Texas, at the direction of Mozilo and Sambol, where employees could submit requests for underwriting exceptions. In 2006, 15,000 to 20,000 loans a month were processed through this exception process.
Countrywide’s deceptive sales practices resulted in a large number of loans ending in default and foreclosure. According to Countrywide’s February 2008 records, a staggering 27 percent of its subprime mortgages were delinquent. Overall, approximately 20,000 Californians lost their homes to foreclosure in May 2008 and 72,000 California homes were in default, roughly 1 out of 183 homes.
Despite receiving numerous complaints from borrowers claiming that they did not understand their loan terms, Countrywide ignored loan officer’s deceptive practices and loose underwriting standards. Countrywide also pushed its borrowers to serially refinance, repeatedly urging borrowers to obtain home loans to pay off their current debt.
The lawsuit, filed Wednesday morning in Los Angeles Superior Court, redacts confidential information Countrywide provided during the attorney general’s investigation. The attorney general is seeking the company’s consent to file an amended complaint that removes the redactions.
During the course of its investigation into Countrywide, state investigators reviewed hundreds of thousands of documents and interviewed scores of witnesses including consumers and former employees.
Consumers who believe they have been victimized by Countrywide Consumers should file a complaint by contact the Attorney General’s Public Inquiry Unit in writing at Attorney General's Office California Department of Justice Attn: Public Inquiry Unit P.O. Box 944255, Sacramento, California or through an online complaint form: http://ag.ca.gov/contact/complaint_form.php?cmplt=CL.
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“The Dungeness crab fishery is one of the most high-volume and profitable fisheries off the West Coast,” Wiggins said in her testimony before the committee today. “However, the Dungeness crab fishery experiences ‘derby dynamics,’ where fishermen race to compete for the valuable catch at the start of the season.
“This ‘race for crab’ leads to safety concerns for the fishermen, wasted effort and inefficient fishing, supply gluts and crab waste, and lost gear in the water,” she added. “SB 1690 seeks to address these issues by bringing together fishermen from California’s eight crab ports to develop sustainable fishery policies.”
Dungeness crab is caught almost exclusively by “pot gear” in both state and federal waters. There is no federal fishery management plan. The state legislatures have authority over the fishery in each of the three states, although both Washington and Oregon have provided for many management decisions about time, place and conduct of the fishery to be made within the resource agencies or administrative bodies.
Dungeness crab management has historically revolved on the “3-S” principle – sex, size, and season. The size and sex restrictions protect egg-bearing females and allow mature male crabs a few seasons to mate. Seasonal closures are timed generally just after adult male annual molting to avoid catching soft-shelled crabs with low meat quality.
All three states enacted restricted entry programs in 1995. California has the largest number of crab vessel permits: A total of 602 were issued for the 2006-07 season, 84 of which were issued as non-resident permits for boats from out of state.
“Given the complexity of the fishery and its management structure, as well as a sense of urgency to slow the race for crab, a comprehensive approach to effective management reform requires attention to the short-term and longer-term institutions and process,” Wiggins said.
Her bill, SB 1690, would establish an advisory committee comprised of commercial crab fishermen to work with the California Department of Fish and Game, and the Ocean Protection Council, on recommendations to address management issues in commercial crab fishing, such as catch and “pot” limits, fishery permit limits and season opening dates.
“This bill is sponsored by the Environmental Defense Fund, which worked with fishermen throughout the state to craft a fair and representative process to develop policy recommendations,” Wiggins said.
Now that SB 1690 has been approved by the Assembly Water, Parks and Wildlife Committee, it next heads to the Assembly Appropriations Committee for further review.
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On Wednesday, the Assembly Committee on Governmental Organization voted 13-0 to approve Senate Bill (SB) 157, new legislation by Senator Patricia Wiggins (D-Santa Rosa) designed to make all of those previously-enacted laws consistent.
Existing law allows winegrowers to conduct tastings of their products away from their places of business, including at fundraising events held by non-profit organizations. They may also accept orders for their wines at such events, but they are limited to filling those orders back at their businesses.
In 2007, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed SB 108, legislation by Senator Wiggins that expanded the number of non-profit organizations that can hold wine tasting events where wineries can take orders to be filled afterwards.
SB 108 created more opportunities for small wineries in California to introduce or build awareness of their brand while also allowing more non-profits to utilize wine tastings for fund raising purposes. In addition, it offered consumers other venues to discover difficult-to-find wines.
Wiggins, who chairs the Senate Select Committee on California’s Wine Industry, said her bill, SB 157, would ensure that all non-profits currently recognized under the existing laws are treated according to the same standards.
“This bill will make it easier for wineries and non-profits organizations to understand what events can be held and what activities may occur at those events,” Wiggins said.
“Logic suggests that if a winery can take orders at events held by 11 nonprofit types, they should also be able to donate and pour wine at those events, but as the laws now stand, it’s not clear whether they can,” she added. “This bill will clarify that winegrowers can donate and pour at the same set of non-profit organizations that elect to hold these kinds of events, while also being able to take orders for wine that they can fill back at their wineries or businesses.”
SB 157’s sponsor, the Family Winemakers of California (FWC), said the bill would allow more non-profit organizational types to collaborate with wine producers to provide attractive events for consumers.
According to FWC President Paul Kronenberg, “Under this bill, consumers win, the non-profits derive more income for important activities benefiting local groups and wine producers win because they have another brand-building opportunity and the potential to sell some wine in collaboration with a worthwhile cause.”
The Assembly Committee on Governmental Organization approved SB 157 as part of its consent calendar. The bill next heads to the Assembly Appropriations Committee for consideration.
Wiggins represents California’s Second Senate District, which includes the premium wine-growing regions of Lake, Mendocino, Napa and Sonoma counties.
For more information on SB 157 or other bills that Wiggins has authored, please visit her Web site: http://dist02.casen.govoffice.com/.
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